Submissions

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Author Guidelines

Manuscripts should be written in English, well structured, readable and be able to convey information and knowledge to the audience (community). The following structure should be adhered to:

  1. Title

The title phrase should be brief, concise, informative and meaningful to the whole readership of the journal. The use of long systemic names and non-standard abbreviations, acronyms or symbols should be avoided.

  1. Authors’ name, affiliation and addresses

Author lists should be finalized prior to submission. For articles with several authors, the list of names of all the authors should be followed by affiliation and full postal addresses. This should be written by using superscript numeric identifiers to link an author with affiliation institute/organization and address where necessary, in Italic form. If an author’s current address is different from the address where the work was carried out, this should be explained in a footnote. E-mail addresses can be included on the title page.

  1. Abstract

The abstract should not be more than 300 words which are informative and accessible and not only indicates the general scope of the article, but also states the major findings and conclusions drawn. The abstract should be complete in itself - no table numbers, figure numbers, references or equations should be referred to it.

  1. Keywords

The manuscript should consist of a maximum of six (6) keywords.

Submission Preparation Checklist

The author should ensure that the main body of the manuscript is structured as outlined below:

    1. Introduction

This should be concise and describe the nature of the problem under investigation and its background. It should be built up from the context of previous researches, citing relevant references. Introductions should expand on highly specialized terms and abbreviations used in the article to make it accessible for readers.

    1. Methods

This section should provide sufficient details of the methodology applied in the study for data collection and analysis carried out to generate the results. The method can be repeated by another researcher by acknowledging the developer/author.

    1. Results and Discussion

The results and discussion section should detail the main findings and outputs of the article. Tables and Figures may be used in order to improve conciseness and visualization. Figures and Tables should be numbered serially and referred to in the text by number (Table 1, Figure1, etc.). Each Table and Figure should have an explanatory caption which is concise as possible. Caption for the Tables and Figures should be placed above and beneath, respectively. This section should also discuss the significance of the results and compare them with previous work using relevant references.

    1. Conclusion

This section should be used to highlight the novelty and significance of the work, and any plans for future relevant works.

    1. Acknowledgments

All authors and co-authors are required to disclose any potential conflict of interest when submitting their article. This information should be included in an acknowledgments section at the end of the manuscript (before the references section). All sources of financial support for the project must also be disclosed in the acknowledgments section

    1. References

It is vitally important that authors fully acknowledge all relevant sources of information. They should also consult relevant policies on ethics for general guidance on compiling the author’s work. The referencing style for this journal is APA (https://apastyle.apa.org). A reference should give the reader enough information to locate the article concerned and should consist of: author name(s) and initials, year of publication, title of the journal or book, the volume number, for books: town of publication and the name of the publisher, and finally the article number or page numbers. Where there are up to ten authors, all authors’ names should be given in the reference list. Where there are more than ten authors, only the first name should appear, followed by et al. Authors should take particular care to ensure that the information is correct so that links to referenced articles can be made successfully. Material which is really a footnote to the text should not be included in the reference list, which should contain only references to bibliographic data. Copies of cited publications not yet available publicly should be submitted for the benefit of the referees. Unpublished results and lectures should be cited for exceptional reasons only. Before submitting the article, authors must ensure they have done a literature search to check for any relevant references that may have been missed.

    1. Tables and Figures

Carefully chosen and well-prepared figures, such as diagrams and photographs, can greatly enhance your article. Author should prepare figures that are clear, easy to read and of the best possible quality. Characters should appear as they would be set in the main body of the article. Figures will be used as submitted. No unreadable and unclear Figure or Table will be published. It will be the responsibility of the author(s) to ensure that Tables and Figure are legible and technically correct.

    1. Colour Figures

The use of colour in figures can enhance the effective presentation of results, and there are no restrictions on the use of colour in the online version of the article. However, please note that readers of the journal may download and print out on a black-and-white printer, which may make coloured lines difficult to distinguish. It is therefore advised to use the colours which are readable even when it is printed in white-and-black colour printouts. If possible, keep the figure and table in black and white colour unless otherwise, coloured figures and tables are very crucial for enhancing visibility.

    1. Table and/or Figure Captions

The tables and/or figures should be numbered in order which they appear in the text. If there is more than one part to a figure (e.g. Figure 1(a), Figure 1(b) etc.), the parts should be identified by a lower-case letter in parentheses close to or within the area of the figure/table. Captions should be included in the text and not in the graphics files. Micrographs should include a scale bar of appropriate size, e.g. 1 μm.

    1. Style and Format

The manuscript shall be prepared in Times New Roman, 12 Font Size, Single Line and Paragraph Spacing, and Justified Text. Figures, tables and formula are placed within the text, not at the end. Figures include maps, sketches, diagrams, illustrations, charts, scatters and histograms. The size of the article should range between 4,000 - 8,000 words.

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