Factors Affecting the Implementation of Community-Driven Informal Settlements Regularization: Lessons from Makongo and Pongwe Wards in Tanzania

Abstract

The financial burden of regularizing informal settlements in Tanzania remains a major constraint, driven by the scale of informality and limited fiscal capacity of urban authorities. In response, national policies have promoted community-based financing within a participatory framework. However, implementation outcomes remain limited, and the factors influencing effective community participation are not well understood. This study investigated the challenges of community-financed regularization, with a focus on initiation processes, cost determination, financial contributions, implementation progress, and community perceptions. Using a qualitative research design, the study examines two cases: the Pongwe and Makongo regularization projects in Tanga and Dar es Salaam, respectively. Data were collected through key informant interviews, household surveys, and focus group discussions. Findings reveal recurring patterns of partial implementation, primarily due to financial constraints and unequal contributions among residents. While many landholders are willing to contribute, participation is hindered by limited awareness, weak particip1atory structures, and the absence of mechanisms linking land titling to access to formal credit. Additionally, tensions between private sector involvement and community interests further undermine inclusive governance. The study concludes that effective community-based regularization requires enhanced institutional capacity at the grassroots level and stronger integration of titled land into financial systems. Without such reforms, participatory financing models are unlikely to deliver equitable and sustainable outcomes.

Keywords: Regularization, informal settlements, Community-Based Financing, Pongwe, Makongo Juu